“The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.”
This verse is part of a poetic composition known as David’s last words or the final words of David, which is recorded in 2 Samuel 23:1-7. These words were spoken by David, the great king of Israel, near the end of his life. They contain a reflection on his role as a ruler and provide insights into the qualities and characteristics necessary for just and righteous leadership.
Acknowledging God’s Sovereignty:The verse begins by acknowledging the divine source of David’s wisdom and understanding. It refers to God as “the God of Israel” and “the Rock of Israel,” recognizing His authority and guidance. This sets the foundation for understanding the principles of just and righteous rule.
The Requirement of Justice:The verse states that “He that ruleth over men must be just.” This highlights the essential quality of justice for those in positions of authority. Leaders have a responsibility to administer justice impartially and fairly, treating all people with equity and upholding the principles of righteousness.
Ruling in the Fear of God:The verse continues by stating that rulers must rule “in the fear of God.” This implies that leaders should have a reverence and respect for God, recognizing His authority over their lives and their role as stewards of power. Ruling in the fear of God involves aligning one’s actions and decisions with God’s principles, seeking His wisdom and guidance in all matters.
This verse emphasizes the importance of just and righteous leadership. It highlights the need for rulers to be fair, impartial, and guided by the fear of God. By ruling in accordance with God’s principles, leaders can foster a just society and create an environment where individuals can flourish.
Overall, 2 Samuel 23:3 provides timeless wisdom for leaders and serves as a reminder of the qualities and characteristics that should underpin their rule. It encourages leaders to be just and righteous, acknowledging God’s sovereignty and ruling in the fear of God.

