Exodus 20:5

Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;

Exodus 20:5 (KJV)

Context

This verse is part of the Ten Commandments given to Israel at Mount Sinai. It forms the second commandment, which forbids making and worshipping idols. The command follows the first commandment, which declares that the LORD alone is God. Here, God explains why idolatry is so serious: He is a jealous God who demands exclusive worship.

Meaning

The words “bow down” and “serve” describe both outward acts of worship and inward devotion. To bow to an idol is to give it the honour that belongs to God alone. God’s jealousy is not like human envy or insecurity. It is His passionate, holy demand for covenant faithfulness. Because He loves His people and has saved them, He will not share their hearts with any rival.

The phrase “visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children” shows that sin has consequences that reach beyond the sinner. Children often suffer from the results of their parents’ choices, such as broken homes or false worship. Yet the verse limits this to “them that hate me.” This means the warning applies to those who persist in rebellion, not to every descendant. God does not punish the innocent for another’s guilt.

Biblical connections

The next verse, Exodus 20:6, promises mercy to thousands of those who love God and keep His commandments. This contrast shows that God’s mercy is far greater than His judgment. The same command appears in Deuteronomy 5:9, reminding Israel that this warning was central to their covenant with God.

Application

Believers today may not bow to carved images, but anything that takes God’s place in the heart becomes an idol. Money, success, relationships, or comfort can become rivals to God. This verse calls for honest self-examination and a return to wholehearted devotion.

Reflection

God’s jealousy is a sign of His deep love. He longs for His people to know Him and to be faithful to Him. The warning about generational consequences is also a promise: turning from sin can break harmful patterns and leave a legacy of faithfulness for children and grandchildren.