“If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself.”
Historical Context:Exodus is the second book of the Bible and describes the Israelites’ deliverance from slavery in Egypt. At this point in the narrative, God is providing the Israelites with various laws and instructions, including regulations concerning slavery.
Significance of Slavery:It’s important to note that the concept of slavery in biblical times differs significantly from the modern understanding. Slavery was a prevalent practice in many ancient societies, including Israel, but it had different social and legal frameworks. God established laws to regulate slavery, seeking to provide protections and limit abuses within that context.
Provision for a Slave’s Family:Exodus 21:4 addresses the situation where a slave is given a wife by his master, and together they have children. In this case, once the slave’s term of service is complete, he is allowed to leave, but his wife and children remain with the master. This provision resulted in the separation of the husband from his wife and children, as the wife and children remained the property of the master.
Protecting the Interests of the Family:While the verse reflects the historical context of ancient servitude, it involves the harsh reality of family separation and the denial of freedom to the wife and children. They would continue to be cared for by the master who had provided for them during the husband’s servitude. The wife and children remained under the master’s authority, which imposed significant limitations on their freedom and agency.
Emphasizing the Limits of Slavery:Though the servant is freed, the verse reveals the significant power imbalance and control the master exercised over the family members. It ensures that the husband, once freed, would not be coerced to continue serving due to his attachment to his family.
Broader Biblical Principles:When studying any specific verse, it is important to consider the broader principles of the Bible. Overall, the Bible teaches the intrinsic value and equality of all human beings, emphasizing love, compassion, and justice. Many other passages emphasize the importance of caring for the vulnerable, treating others with respect, and the call to set captives free. It’s essential to approach the study of these ancient texts with cultural and historical sensitivity, recognizing that societal norms and practices have evolved significantly over time. The Bible contains a progressive revelation of God’s character and will, with the ultimate revelation found in Jesus Christ, who exemplified love, compassion, and the liberation of all people. Remember, a comprehensive understanding of biblical principles requires studying various passages that shed light on a given topic and seeking guidance from the Holy Spirit.
