Deuteronomy 20:16

“But of the cities of these people, which the LORD thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth.”

Context and Background: The book of Deuteronomy is part of the Pentateuch, also known as the Torah, which contains the first five books of the Bible. Deuteronomy is primarily attributed to Moses and addresses the Israelites just before they enter the Promised Land. It consists of Moses’ farewell speeches, reminding the people of God’s laws and instructions for their journey.

Historical Setting: Deuteronomy 20:16 is part of the larger section in which God instructs the Israelites on warfare and conquest. As they were about to enter the land of Canaan, God commanded them to completely destroy the nations inhabiting the land. These nations were known for their idolatry and wicked practices, and God wanted to purify the land for His people.

The Principle of Holy War: The verse reflects the principle of “holy war” established in the Old Testament, where God authorized specific military actions for the Israelites in the context of His divine judgment. It’s important to understand this command within its historical context and not apply it as a general principle for warfare today.

Symbolic and Spiritual Significance:

• Judgment against wickedness: God’s command to annihilate the nations was a divine judgment against their wickedness, including child sacrifice, idol worship, and immorality. God, in His sovereignty and justice, chose to execute His judgment through the Israelites.
• Spiritual warfare: This verse also has symbolic and spiritual significance. The nations inhabiting the Promised Land represent spiritual strongholds, sin, and idolatry. As believers today, we are called to wage spiritual warfare against the forces of evil, sin, and idolatry in our own lives and communities.
• Complete devotion to God: This command emphasized the need for the Israelites to remain committed and devoted solely to God. They were not to be influenced or contaminated by the practices and beliefs of the nations around them. It serves as a reminder for believers today to maintain unwavering loyalty to God and avoid compromising their faith.

Application for Today:

• Spiritual separation: We are called to be separate from the world’s sinful practices and beliefs, living lives that honor and glorify God. We should avoid compromise and remain committed to following God’s commandments.
• Fighting spiritual battles: While the physical warfare of the Old Testament has passed, believers are still engaged in spiritual battles. We are to stand against evil, resist temptation, and promote righteousness in our lives and society.
• God’s justice and mercy: Deuteronomy 20:16 reminds us of God’s justice and mercy. While the destruction may seem severe, it was a demonstration of God’s righteousness and His desire to preserve His people and their relationship with Him.

Remember, when studying the Bible, it’s important to consider the context, cultural background, and the progressive nature of God’s revelation throughout Scripture.