Isaiah 23:3

And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, is her revenue; and she is a mart of nations.

Isaiah 23:3 (KJV)

Context

This verse belongs to Isaiah’s prophecy against Tyre, a wealthy Phoenician port on the Mediterranean coast. Tyre’s prosperity came from maritime trade, and the prophecy warns that this very source of pride would bring judgment.

Meaning

The “seed of Sihor” refers to grain grown along the Nile River in Egypt. Sihor means “black,” describing the dark, fertile waters of the Nile. The “harvest of the river” points to the abundant crops—corn, flax, and other goods—that Egypt produced. Tyre’s revenue depended on transporting this agricultural wealth across the “great waters,” the Mediterranean Sea. The verse calls Tyre a “mart of nations,” meaning a marketplace where many peoples traded. This shows that Tyre’s economic strength was built on international commerce, especially with Egypt. The Nile’s overflow nourished the land, making Egypt a granary for the ancient world, and Tyre served as the trading link that distributed those goods to other nations.

Biblical connections

The same term “Sihor” appears in Jeremiah 2:18, where it also refers to the Nile and symbolizes reliance on Egypt rather than on God. This connection reinforces the warning that trusting in worldly powers and wealth is ultimately futile.

Application

Isaiah 23:3 reminds us that material prosperity can become a snare. Tyre’s success was not a sign of divine favor but a prelude to judgment. The broader passage (Isaiah 23:1-18) describes Tyre’s pride and self-sufficiency, and its eventual downfall. Historically, Nebuchadnezzar besieged Tyre, and later Alexander the Great destroyed the island city in 332 BCE. This verse calls us to examine where we place our trust. Wealth, trade, and human achievement are temporary; only God endures. We are to use resources faithfully but never let them replace our dependence on Him.

Reflection

Consider what “great waters” you rely on for security—career, savings, or reputation. Tyre’s judgment warns that these can fail. Let this verse lead you to thank God for His provision while keeping your heart anchored in Him alone.