Daniel 11:23

And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people.

Daniel 11:23 (KJV)

Context

This verse belongs to the extensive prophecy recorded in Daniel 11, delivered by an angelic messenger. The chapter outlines the political turmoil and military conflicts that would shape the Middle East after Daniel’s era, especially the rivalry between the Seleucid (the “king of the north”) and Ptolemaic (the “king of the south”) kingdoms.

In Daniel 11:23 the prophet describes a ruler who, after forming a league or treaty, will act deceitfully. He will rise to prominence and gain strength not through a large army but with the support of a relatively small group of people. The emphasis is on covert, manipulative tactics rather than open warfare.

Meaning

The phrase “league made with him” refers to a formal alliance or treaty, while “small people” indicates a relatively small force or faction. The ruler’s success comes through deceit rather than numerical strength, highlighting the cunning and deceptive methods he employs.

The surrounding verses provide a broader backdrop. Earlier, Daniel 11:21 speaks of a “vile person” who will come in peaceably and obtain the kingdom by flattery. Together, these passages illustrate a pattern of leaders who secure power through subtle, often dishonest means—first by diplomatic charm, then by outright deceit.

Biblical connections

Historically, the “king of the north” is commonly linked to the Seleucid Empire. Many scholars associate the fulfillment with Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a Seleucid ruler who persecuted the Jews and desecrated the temple. As the prophecy progresses, the language becomes more symbolic, pointing to future rulers or empires whose identities are not explicitly named.

Scholars acknowledge that interpreting the specific details of this verse is challenging. Some view the passage as referring to a future world leader who will rise by deception and manipulation, while others see it as describing events contemporary to Daniel that later acquire a typological significance. The text itself does not identify the individual, leaving room for a range of legitimate interpretations.

Application

This verse underscores the theme of human pride and deceit in opposition to God’s sovereign plan. It warns against placing trust in political alliances and human cunning, and encourages believers to remain faithful to God even when wickedness seems to prosper. God is sovereign over the rise and fall of rulers, and human schemes, however deceitful, are ultimately under His control.