Matthew 23:5

But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments,

Matthew 23:5 (KJV)

Context

Matthew 23 records Jesus’ criticism of the religious leaders of His time, the scribes and Pharisees. In this chapter, Jesus delivers a series of seven “woes” to the Pharisees, denouncing their hypocrisy and self-righteousness. This verse sits within that larger rebuke, exposing the motive behind their outward religious displays.

Meaning

Jesus exposes the motive behind the religious practices of the scribes and Pharisees. He accuses them of doing their works, such as wearing prominent phylacteries (small leather boxes containing Scripture verses) and enlarging the borders of their garments, with the intention of gaining attention and approval from people rather than truly honoring God. The Greek phrase translated “for to be seen of men” literally means “to be seen by men,” emphasizing that their actions were theatrical, performed for an audience.

Phylacteries (tefillin) were worn on the forehead and arm, based on commands like Deuteronomy 6:8. The “borders” refer to the tassels (tzitzit) on the corners of garments, commanded in Numbers 15:38-39 to remind Israel of God’s commandments. By enlarging these items, the Pharisees made a show of their devotion, turning outward symbols of obedience into tools for self-promotion. The core issue is not the phylacteries or fringes themselves, but the heart attitude: using religious externals to gain human praise rather than to honor God.

The religious leaders’ actions demonstrate their hypocrisy. While they put on a show of outward piety, their hearts were far from God. Jesus emphasizes the importance of genuine faith and sincere devotion rather than mere external appearances. He contrasts the external religious practices of the Pharisees with the true intent of God’s law. The Pharisees focused on legalistic adherence to religious rituals and rules while neglecting the weightier matters of justice, mercy, and faithfulness (Matthew 23:23). Jesus calls for a deeper transformation of the heart and emphasizes the importance of living out the principles of God’s law rather than simply observing external rituals.

Jesus also warns against the dangers of pride and self-exaltation. The religious leaders sought recognition and honor from people, but true righteousness is not about seeking human approval but rather seeking God’s approval. This verse challenges believers to examine their own motives, ensuring that their good works are done for God’s approval, not for human applause.

Biblical connections

This verse connects with Jesus’ later teaching on secret prayer and fasting in Matthew 6:1-18, where true devotion is practiced before the Father who sees in secret. The contrast is between performing righteousness for an audience and living it before God alone.

Application

This passage calls us to examine our motives for the religious practices we engage in. Are we doing them to gain recognition or approval from others, or are we sincerely seeking to honor and please God? It reminds us that genuine faith involves a heartfelt devotion to God, which should be the driving force behind our actions.

Jesus’ rebuke of hypocrisy reminds us to live authentic lives, consistently aligning our inner beliefs with our outward actions. We should strive for integrity and avoid putting on a false facade of righteousness. Rather than focusing solely on external rituals or appearances, we should seek a deep transformation of the heart. Our faith should impact every area of our lives, leading to acts of justice, mercy, and faithfulness.

This passage serves as a warning against pride and seeking human recognition. We should humbly submit ourselves to God, recognizing that His approval is far more valuable than the applause of people. Our desire should be to please God rather than to elevate ourselves.