Exodus 7:13

And hee hardened Pharaohs heart, that hee hearkened not vnto them, as the Lord had said. Exodus 7:13 (KJV)

In this verse, we see that despite Moses and Aaron’s appeal to Pharaoh to let the Israelites go, Pharaoh’s heart is hardened, and he refuses to listen to them. This hardening of Pharaoh’s heart is a recurring theme throughout the account of the Exodus, and it raises several important theological and spiritual questions.

God’s Sovereignty: The verse records that Pharaoh’s heart was hardened; while this particular verse does not explicitly state that God caused the hardening, the broader narrative emphasizes that God hardened Pharaoh’s heart. This raises the question of why God would harden Pharaoh’s heart and seemingly prevent him from making a rational decision. Some interpret this as an expression of God’s sovereignty and His purpose to display His power and to deliver the Israelites through a series of miraculous signs and plagues.

Pharaoh’s Responsibility: Another aspect to consider is Pharaoh’s own responsibility in the hardening of his heart. The Bible indicates that Pharaoh himself also hardened his heart on various occasions before God intervened (Exodus 8:15, 8:32, 9:34). It seems that Pharaoh’s heart was already inclined toward stubbornness and resistance, and God allowed this inclination to persist and intensified it through the plagues.

Free Will and God’s Purpose: The hardening of Pharaoh’s heart prompts a discussion about the interplay between God’s sovereignty and human free will. While God played a role in the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart, Pharaoh also made his own choices. This tension between divine sovereignty and human responsibility can be challenging to fully comprehend, but it highlights the complex nature of the relationship between God and humanity.

Lessons for Believers: The story of Pharaoh’s hardened heart serves as a cautionary tale and a lesson for believers. It reminds us of the importance of having a soft and receptive heart toward God’s commands and guidance. It also warns against stubbornness, pride, and resisting God’s will, which can have negative consequences.