Galatians 5:20
Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies,
Galatians 5:20 (KJV)
Context
Paul lists the works of the flesh in Galatians 5:19-21, contrasting them with the fruit of the Spirit in Galatians 5:22-23. This verse names nine specific sins: idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, and heresies. The preceding verse begins the list with sexual sins, and the following verse adds envyings, murders, drunkenness, and revellings, concluding with a solemn warning that those who practice such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.
Meaning
“Idolatry” refers to worshipping other gods or images, and can also symbolize covetousness. “Witchcraft” translates the Greek word pharmakeia, denoting sorcery or drug use, often involving a real or pretended league with the devil. The remaining terms—hatred (enmity), variance (strife or discord), emulations (jealousy or rivalry), wrath (outbursts of anger), strife (selfish ambition), seditions (dissensions or factions), and heresies (divisions or parties)—highlight the destructive interpersonal consequences of living according to the flesh.
Biblical connections
This catalog serves as a diagnostic for believers, urging self-examination and dependence on the Spirit to produce love, joy, peace, and other fruit (Galatians 5:22-23). The warning that those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God (Galatians 5:21) underscores the seriousness of persisting in these sins without repentance.
Application
Readers should examine their own hearts for these works of the flesh, both in outward actions and inward attitudes. The remedy is not self-effort but walking in the Spirit, allowing Him to produce His fruit in our lives. This verse calls us to turn from idolatry and relational strife, and to seek the unity and holiness that come from God.
Reflection
How do the works of the flesh manifest in our daily relationships and worship? Let us confess any area where we have harbored hatred, jealousy, or division, and ask the Spirit to transform us into people who bear the fruit of love and peace.
