And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esaus sonne, and shee bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sonnes of Adah Esaus wife. Genesis 36:12 (KJV)
Genesis 36:12 is situated within the detailed genealogical record of Esau’s descendants, specifically the line of his son Eliphaz. The verse tells us that Timna was a concubine to Eliphaz and that she bore him a son named Amalek. In addition, Eliphaz had other sons with his wife Adah. This brief statement functions as a historical marker, linking the Edomite lineage to the later nation of the Amalekites, a people who would become notorious for their hostility toward Israel.
Understanding the significance of this verse requires some background. Esau, also called Edom, was the twin brother of Jacob and the firstborn of Isaac and Rebekah. Earlier chapters (e.g., Genesis 27) recount Jacob’s deceit in obtaining Esau’s birthright and blessing, setting the stage for the complex relationship between the two families. Genesis 36 continues the narrative by listing the various clans, chiefs, and families that emerged from Esau’s line, thereby establishing the Edomites as a distinct nation. This genealogical chapter reflects the earlier promise in Genesis 25:23 that both Jacob’s and Esau’s families would multiply and become great peoples.
The term “concubine” denotes a woman of lower status than a wife, often a secondary partner. Timna’s role as a concubine and the birth of Amalek illustrate how the genealogy records not only legitimate heirs but also those born of secondary unions. Amalek, the son of Timna and Eliphaz, would become the forefather of the Amalekites, a group that repeatedly opposed Israel throughout Israel’s history. Their antagonism serves as a recurring symbol of opposition to God’s people and the broader struggle between good and evil.
From a theological perspective, the verse highlights the consequences of the choices made by Esau and his descendants. Esau’s marriages to foreign women (see Genesis 26:34‑35) were displeasing to his parents, and the inclusion of Timna and Amalek underscores the ramifications of forming alliances outside the covenant community. While Timna herself was not one of Esau’s wives, her presence in the genealogy reminds readers of the lasting impact of familial decisions.
Overall, Genesis 36:12 contributes valuable historical and genealogical information to the larger narrative of Genesis. It records the lineage of the Edomites, introduces the origin of the Amalekite nation, and subtly reinforces themes of legacy, covenant fidelity, and the enduring effects of personal choices on future generations.
