1 Corinthians 10:23

All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not.

1 Corinthians 10:23 (KJV)

Context

Paul wrote to the Corinthians to address divisions and moral confusion in the church. In chapter 10, he warns against idolatry and self-indulgence, drawing on Israel’s wilderness failures as examples. This verse sits within Paul’s discussion of Christian freedom and its limits, specifically applied to the question of eating meat offered to idols. The surrounding passage (1 Corinthians 8-10) asks whether believers may eat such meat, especially when doing so might cause a weaker brother to stumble.

Meaning

“All things are lawful unto me”: Paul acknowledges that, in Christ, believers are free from the ceremonial and dietary restrictions of the Old Testament law. Yet this freedom does not mean that everything is beneficial or appropriate.

“All things are not expedient”: Though Paul is free to engage in various activities, he recognizes that not everything is advantageous or helpful. Some actions may be permissible, but they may not serve spiritual growth, personal well-being, or the good of others.

“All things edify not”: Paul further emphasizes that not everything builds up or strengthens the faith of individuals or the community. Christians should consider how their choices affect themselves and those around them. Some activities may lead others astray or hinder their spiritual progress.

Biblical connections

This verse repeats and applies a principle Paul also stated in 1 Corinthians 6:12, where he adds that he will not be brought under the power of anything. The key interpretive point is that Christian liberty is not a license for self-indulgence; it is to be governed by love for others and the goal of their edification. The standard for action is not merely “Is it lawful?” but “Does it build up?” and “Is it expedient for the body of Christ?”

Application

Paul’s message calls for discernment and wisdom in exercising Christian freedom. While believers may have liberty to engage in various activities, they should evaluate whether those activities are expedient and edifying. Choices should align with God’s principles, promote love for others, and contribute to spiritual growth.

Considering Others:

Throughout this chapter, Paul emphasizes the importance of considering the welfare of others. In verses 24-33, he encourages believers to seek the good of others above their own desires. Believers should be mindful of how their actions might influence weaker believers or those observing their conduct.

Seeking God’s Glory:

The overarching principle in this verse is the pursuit of God’s glory. Christian actions should align with God’s will and bring honor to His name. Freedom in Christ is not a license to indulge in anything one pleases, but an opportunity to serve and glorify God in all things.

Seeking Guidance:

To discern what is expedient and edifying, believers must rely on the Holy Spirit’s guidance and study God’s Word. Regular prayer, seeking wise counsel, and immersing oneself in Scripture help make choices that align with God’s purposes.

Reflection

This verse directly addresses the Corinthians’ slogan of freedom, which they used to justify behavior that was potentially harmful to others. The verse teaches that the exercise of Christian freedom must be tempered by consideration of its impact on the community of faith. Believers are called to use liberty not for self-indulgence, but for building up the body of Christ.