1 Samuel 1:21

And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the Lord the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.

1 Samuel 1:21 (KJV)

Context

This verse sits in the opening story of 1 Samuel, centered on Elkanah, his wife Hannah, and their family. The setting is Shiloh, where the tabernacle stood and Israel gathered for worship. Elkanah is called “the man,” a simple title that marks him as head of his household. The journey to Shiloh was a regular practice, tied to the yearly festivals commanded in the Law (Exodus 23:14-17). The text does not name the specific festival, but it shows a family that took worship seriously.

Meaning

The verse records two acts: the yearly sacrifice and the payment of a vow. The yearly sacrifice was a required offering, while the vow was a personal promise made to God. The wording “and his vow” likely refers to a vow made by Elkanah or by Hannah with his agreement. Earlier, Hannah had vowed that if God gave her a son, she would dedicate him to the Lord (1 Samuel 1:11). Now, after Samuel’s birth, the family goes up to worship and to fulfill that promise. This shows that vows were not taken lightly; they were sacred obligations to be honored.

Biblical connections

The seriousness of vows is reinforced in Deuteronomy 23:21-23, which teaches that a person must pay what they have promised to the Lord. Elkanah’s example also connects to the principle of family worship. He did not go alone; “all his house” went with him. This demonstrates his leadership in guiding his entire household to honor God. The verse also prepares the way for the next event, when Hannah presents Samuel to Eli at the tabernacle (1 Samuel 1:22-28).

Application

Elkanah’s faithfulness teaches believers to prioritize regular worship, even when it requires effort and travel. His example also calls for integrity in keeping promises made to God. When a believer makes a commitment in prayer or in service, that commitment should be treated with seriousness. The verse also encourages family worship, reminding parents to lead their children in seeking God together.

Reflection

God had answered Hannah’s prayer, and the family’s worship was an act of gratitude and obedience. This verse reminds readers that God is faithful to His promises, and His people are called to respond with faithful worship. The dedication of Samuel was not just a private matter; it was part of the family’s public devotion. In the same way, personal faith should be expressed in the community of believers, through worship and through the faithful keeping of vows.