Luke 20:22

Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Cesar, or no?

Luke 20:22 (KJV)

Context

The question in Luke 20:22 was posed by the scribes and the chief priests, who sent spies pretending to be honest inquirers (Luke 20:20). Their stated motive was to trap Jesus in His words so they could deliver Him to the governor’s authority. The question about tribute—a tax paid to the Roman emperor—was politically sensitive. If Jesus said yes, He risked angering the Jewish people who resented Roman rule; if He said no, He could be charged with rebellion against Rome.

Meaning

Jesus’ response emphasizes two principles. First, recognition of civil authority: by acknowledging that the coin bore Caesar’s image, Jesus implied that it belonged to the Roman government and taught that it is appropriate to give back to the government what rightfully belongs to it, including taxes and other obligations. Second, prioritizing God’s authority: Jesus also emphasized the need to give to God what belongs to Him, reminding the Jewish people that while they were subject to Roman rule, their ultimate allegiance was to God and their spiritual obligations must take precedence.

Biblical connections

The parallel account in Matthew 22:17 shows the same question was asked by the Pharisees and Herodians together, confirming the political nature of the trap. The Herodians supported paying tribute, while the Pharisees opposed it, viewing themselves as a free people, children of God and seed of Abraham, who should not have a foreign, idolatrous ruler set over them.

Application

As believers today, we are called to honor and submit to the laws of our respective governments while recognizing that our ultimate allegiance belongs to God. We should fulfill our civic duties, including paying taxes and obeying just laws, while prioritizing our spiritual responsibilities and devoting ourselves to God’s purposes.

Reflection

Luke 20:22 records the question about paying tribute to Caesar, and Jesus’ response in verses 23-25 encourages believers to honor civil authority while giving priority to God’s authority in their lives.