Deuteronomy 18:3

And this shall be the priest’s due from the people, from them that offer a sacrifice, whether it be ox or sheep; and they shall give unto the priest the shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the maw.

Deuteronomy 18:3 (KJV)

Context

Deuteronomy records Moses’ final speeches to Israel before they entered the Promised Land. In this verse, Moses instructs the people about the priest’s due from those who offer a sacrifice, whether an ox or a sheep. The Levites were set apart for service in the tabernacle and later the temple, and they received no land inheritance. This provision was their God-ordained means of support, ensuring they could sustain themselves and their families as they dedicated their lives to God.

Meaning

The priest was to receive the shoulder, the two cheeks, and the maw, or stomach. These were portions of the peace offerings, sacrifices shared between the altar, the priest, and the offerer. This law made the support of the priests concrete and practical, not left to vague goodwill. It acknowledged their dedicated service and reminded the people of their responsibility to honour the priesthood. The specific parts were not arbitrary; they were a defined due, showing that God cares for those who minister spiritually.

Biblical connections

The New Testament draws a parallel to this principle. In 1 Corinthians 9:13-14, Paul notes that those who preach the gospel should live of the gospel, showing the continuity of supporting spiritual workers. Just as the Levites depended on the people’s obedience for their provision, so those who minister today rely on the generosity of the community they serve. This principle is not limited to ancient Israel; it remains a lasting pattern for God’s people.

Application

While the Old Testament priesthood and sacrificial system are no longer observed, the principle behind this verse remains. Believers are called to support those who serve God’s people faithfully, whether through financial giving, prayer, or encouragement. This support is not a burden but a privilege, reflecting God’s care for those who dedicate their lives to ministry. The specific mention of the shoulder, cheeks, and maw underscores that such support should be tangible and deliberate. It is not left to vague goodwill but is a concrete responsibility.

Reflection

This verse also points to Jesus Christ, our High Priest, who offered Himself as the perfect and ultimate sacrifice. Through His sacrifice, believers have direct access to God and no longer require human priests to intercede. Yet the call to support spiritual leaders remains, as does the reminder that God provides for His servants through His people. The order of worship in Israel centred on the priests, and the community’s participation included their material support. This pattern teaches that honouring God includes caring for those who minister in His name. The Levites’ service was not to be a burden but a provision from God through the people’s obedience.