Exodus 21:1

Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

Exodus 21:1 (KJV)

Context

The book of Exodus continues the account of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt, their journey to Mount Sinai, and the establishment of the covenant between God and His people. In chapter 21, God begins to give the Israelites a series of laws and regulations, commonly called the “Book of the Covenant.” These laws follow the Ten Commandments and apply their principles to specific situations in daily life.

Meaning

The Hebrew word translated “judgments” (mishpatim) refers to judicial decisions or ordinances. These are not arbitrary human rules but divine laws given by God to guide Israel’s conduct and relationships. They form the basis of the nation’s civil and moral code.

The phrase “which thou shalt set before them” indicates that Moses, as leader and mediator, was responsible for presenting these laws publicly and clearly. The word “set” implies a deliberate, prominent display, so the people would understand God’s expectations and be bound by them.

Biblical connections

This verse serves as a transition from the Ten Commandments in Exodus 20 to the detailed case laws that follow in Exodus 21:2-23. Those laws address personal injuries, property rights, slaves, and social responsibilities, applying the Decalogue’s principles to real-life disputes and relationships.

Application

Exodus 21:1 highlights the importance of God’s law in guiding His people’s lives. It emphasizes justice and righteousness in the community, where everyone is accountable to God’s standards. While the specific regulations were given to ancient Israel and are not directly binding today, the principles behind them—the value of human life, fair treatment, and responsibility toward one another—continue to inform Christian ethical conduct and the pursuit of justice in society.

For the Christian reader, this verse also points to Christ, who perfectly kept the law and enables believers to live righteously through the Spirit. The seriousness of God’s law reminds us of His holiness and our need for grace, while the call to “set before” the people underscores the responsibility of leaders to communicate God’s standards clearly.

Reflection

God’s judgments were given to create an orderly, just community where His people could flourish. As we read these ancient laws, we are reminded that God cares about every area of life, including how we treat one another. Let us consider how we can uphold justice and fairness in our own communities, reflecting the character of the God who gave these laws.