Exodus 21:31
Whether hee haue gored a sonne, or haue gored a daughter, according to this iudgement shall it bee done vnto him. Exodus 21:31 (KJV)
Exodus 21:31 belongs to a broader section of Exodus that records the civil, social, and religious statutes God gave Israel through Moses. The specific focus of this verse is the liability of an owner whose ox strikes a person, whether a son or a daughter. Understanding the verse requires looking at its immediate context in Exodus 21:28‑32, where the law details the owner’s responsibility for an ox that gores another individual.
The surrounding verses describe several scenarios. When an ox gores a man or a woman and causes death, the owner is held accountable only under certain conditions—particularly if the ox had a known tendency to gore and the owner failed to restrain it, as outlined in Exodus 21:29‑30. In the case of a son or a daughter, the same regulatory framework applies, and the judgment imposed on the ox is to be the same regardless of the victim’s gender.
This provision underscores the biblical principle of equality and impartiality in judgment. It teaches that the life of a son and the life of a daughter are of equal value, and the consequences for the ox’s actions must not be influenced by gender. The law therefore reflects God’s demand for fairness and non‑partiality in civil matters.
Beyond the legal aspect, the passage highlights responsible ownership. An owner is expected to take appropriate measures to prevent harm from his animals. If negligence leads to injury or death, the owner must bear the consequences and provide restitution to the injured party or their family.
From a spiritual perspective, the verse points to broader biblical themes. It affirms that God does not show partiality and that every individual, irrespective of gender or social status, is valuable in His sight. Believers are called to emulate this impartiality, treating others with fairness, respect, and justice. The text also stresses personal responsibility and accountability, urging Christians to be diligent in how they manage resources and relationships so as not to cause injustice.
Finally, while the primary focus is civil regulation, the passage subtly points to humanity’s need for a mediator. In the New Testament, Jesus Christ fulfills that role, bearing the consequences of sin and offering forgiveness and redemption to all who trust in Him. Studying this verse within its full biblical context, and consulting trusted teachers and commentaries, deepens our understanding of both the ancient law and its enduring spiritual principles.
