Exodus 22:16

And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.

Exodus 22:16 (KJV)

Context

This verse belongs to the Book of the Covenant, a collection of laws given to Israel after the exodus from Egypt. These laws governed daily life, including property, justice, and relationships. Here the case concerns a man who entices an unmarried woman who is not betrothed, and lies with her. The law required him to endow her, that is, to pay the bride-price and take her as his wife. This statute was part of the civil law of Israel, which provided practical protection and justice for women.

Meaning

The word “entice” suggests persuasion rather than force. The woman yielded, yet the man still bore full responsibility. He could not walk away as if nothing had happened. The law demanded that he marry her and pay the bride-price to her father. This payment was not a fine but a proper marriage gift, giving the woman legal standing and financial security. The law aimed to protect the rights and well-being of unmarried women in ancient Israelite society, where a woman’s honor and reputation were closely tied to her virginity. By requiring the man to marry her, the law safeguarded her honor and provided for her future. It also implies consent, as the case is of a maid not forced but yielding to enticement.

Biblical connections

The law distinguished this situation from one involving a betrothed woman, which carried a different penalty. Here the woman was free to marry, so the remedy was marriage itself. This principle reflects the broader biblical teaching that sexual intimacy belongs within marriage. The immediate context, however, is civil law designed to protect the vulnerable and uphold justice.

Application

This verse teaches lasting truths about responsibility and respect. A person must not treat another as a means of pleasure and then discard them. God cares about the dignity of every individual, especially those who are vulnerable. In relationships, believers are called to act with integrity, to honor commitments, and to protect the well-being of others. When harm is done, the wrongdoer must make amends, not evade the consequences. This law emphasizes the importance of taking responsibility for one’s actions and the need for accountability. Men must bear responsibility for their actions, and this principle extends to all believers.

Reflection

God’s laws are not cold rules but expressions of His care for human flourishing. This ancient statute shielded a woman whose future could be ruined by a careless act. It also reminded the man that his choices carried weight. As we read this verse, we can examine our own attitudes toward sexuality and responsibility. Do we treat others with honor? Do we take ownership of our actions? The gospel offers forgiveness and transformation for those who have failed, and it empowers us to live in a way that reflects God’s love and justice.