Exodus 28:20

And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.

Exodus 28:20 (KJV)

Context

This verse belongs to God’s detailed instructions to Moses for making the priestly garments of Aaron and his sons. The focus is the breastplate of judgment, a square piece of precious material folded double and set with four rows of stones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The fourth row contains beryl, onyx, and jasper, all mounted in gold in their settings.

Meaning

The Hebrew names for these stones are not certain. The first, tarshish, is associated with the sea and likely a sea-green stone, often identified as beryl or chrysolite. The second, shoham, is thought by some to be onyx or sardonyx. The third, yashefay, is generally agreed to be jasper. Ancient gemstone names do not map neatly to modern ones, so precise identification remains uncertain. What is clear is that each stone was engraved with the name of a tribe, like a seal, and set in gold filigree, signifying that the tribes were continually represented before God.

Biblical connections

The parallel account in Exodus 39:13 records the actual construction of the breastplate, confirming the same stones and settings. The breastplate was called the breastplate of judgment because the high priest wore it when seeking God’s guidance for the people. This role points to Jesus Christ, our High Priest, who intercedes for us before God (Hebrews 4:14-16; Hebrews 7:24-25).

Application

The gold settings emphasize the preciousness and beauty of the stones, reflecting the value God places on His people. Just as the stones were set apart in gold, believers are set apart for His purposes (1 Peter 2:9). The breastplate was used for seeking God’s guidance, and we can come to God in prayer and seek His wisdom and direction in our lives (James 1:5). The careful craftsmanship also reminds us of the holiness and order of worship.

Reflection

Exodus 28:20 offers insight into the priestly role, the beauty of God’s creation, and the preciousness of His people. It foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, whose sacrifice provides access to God for all who believe in Him.