Joshua 20:7
And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjath–arba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah.
Joshua 20:7 (KJV)
Context
Joshua 20 records the appointment of six cities of refuge, three east of the Jordan and three west. This verse names the first three western cities: Kedesh, Shechem, and Hebron. These cities were set apart after Israel entered the Promised Land under Joshua’s leadership. Their purpose was to protect anyone who killed another person unintentionally, without malice or prior hatred. The avenger of blood, usually a close relative, might pursue the slayer, but the accused could flee to a refuge city and receive a fair trial. This system balanced justice with mercy, preventing hasty vengeance while still holding the guilty accountable.
Meaning
Each city was chosen for its location and accessibility. Kedesh in Galilee, in the hill country of Naphtali, served the northern tribes. Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim stood in the central part of the land. Kirjath-arba, also called Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, served the south. These cities were placed in mountainous areas, which offered natural defense and visibility. Their distribution meant that no Israelite had to travel too far to find safety. The naming of Hebron as Kirjath-arba connects it to the patriarchs, for Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had lived there, and Sarah was buried nearby. This link reminded Israel of God’s ancient promises to their ancestors.
Biblical connections
The cities of refuge point forward to a greater refuge. In the New Testament, Christ is described as a place of safety for sinners. Just as the unintentional killer could flee to a city and be protected until the high priest died, believers find refuge in Christ, who died and rose again to provide eternal redemption. The system also shows God’s care for the whole community, ensuring that even those who made a tragic mistake were not abandoned to revenge. The appointment of these cities demonstrates that God values both the life of the victim and the possibility of mercy for the offender.
Application
God’s command to appoint these cities teaches that justice must be careful and fair. Not every death was murder, and the law made room for human error. This calls us to examine our own judgments, avoiding quick conclusions about others’ motives. It also encourages us to provide places of safety for those who have made serious mistakes, offering protection and a path to restoration. The cities were accessible to all, reminding us that God’s mercy is near to everyone who needs it.
Reflection
This verse invites us to thank God for His provision of refuge. Just as Israel could flee to a city of safety, we can run to God in our need. The cities were not a reward for innocence but a shelter for the guilty who sought help. In the same way, Christ welcomes all who come to Him, not because they are worthy, but because He is gracious. Let us rest in that refuge and extend its spirit of mercy to others.
