Leviticus 19:20
And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that is a bondmaid, betrothed to an husband, and not at all redeemed, nor freedom given her; she shall be scourged; they shall not be put to death, because she was not free.
Leviticus 19:20 (KJV)
Context
Leviticus is a book of the Law in the Old Testament. It gives instructions for the Israelites in moral, ethical, and religious practices. Leviticus 19 contains a collection of commandments that God gave to Moses for the people of Israel. This verse is part of the Holiness Code, which calls God’s people to live in a way that reflects His holy character.
Meaning
Leviticus 19:20 addresses a specific situation of sexual misconduct. It describes a man who has sexual relations with a woman who is a bondmaid, or female slave. This woman is betrothed, meaning she is promised to be married to another man. However, she has not been redeemed or given her freedom, so she is still a slave. The punishment for both the man and the woman is scourging, a form of physical punishment, but they are not to be put to death. The reason is that the woman was not free. If she had been free, the offense would have been treated as adultery, which carried the death penalty. This shows that the law considered the woman’s social status and circumstances when determining the punishment.
Biblical connections
The surrounding verses, Leviticus 19:21-22, mention a trespass offering. This indicates that after such a sin, the guilty person needed to bring an offering to make atonement and be reconciled with God. This points to the seriousness of sin and God’s provision for forgiveness. The law given to ancient Israel reveals timeless principles about God’s view of sexual purity, justice, and mercy. While Christians are no longer under the Old Covenant Law, Jesus Christ fulfilled the Law and established a new covenant based on grace and faith (Matthew 5:17, Romans 6:14). Therefore, the specific punishments in Leviticus are not directly applicable today, but the underlying principles remain.
Application
This verse teaches several principles that apply to modern life. First, it recognizes the sanctity of marriage. Sexual relations outside the boundaries of marriage are sinful and punishable. Believers are called to uphold the sanctity of marriage and remain faithful to their spouses. Second, the verse highlights the protection of the vulnerable. Even though the woman was a slave, her dignity and rights were considered. God’s law shows concern for justice and care for those in vulnerable positions. We should advocate for the well-being and dignity of the oppressed, treating all people with respect and compassion. Third, the verse implies accountability for both the man and the woman. They are both responsible for their actions, even if the woman lacked full agency. Each of us is accountable for our choices and behaviors. We should strive to live according to God’s standards and repent when we fall short. Fourth, the differentiation of punishment shows that God’s justice is proportionate, taking into account circumstances. This reminds us that God is both holy and compassionate.
Reflection
While the verse mentions punishment, it is essential to remember that in Christ, we are called to extend grace, mercy, and forgiveness to others, recognizing our own need for God’s forgiveness. The law reveals God’s high standard, but the gospel reveals His great love. As we reflect on this passage, we can thank God for His justice and mercy, and we can ask Him to help us honor marriage, protect the vulnerable, and take responsibility for our actions.
