Deuteronomy 5:21
Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbour’s wife, neither shalt thou covet thy neighbour’s house, his field, or his manservant, or his maidservant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing that is thy neighbour’s.
Deuteronomy 5:21 (KJV)
Context
Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Bible and part of the Pentateuch. It records Moses’ speeches to the Israelites before they entered the Promised Land. Here Moses recalls how God gave the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. This verse is the tenth commandment, and it governs the heart, not only outward actions.
Meaning
The command forbids coveting, which means a strong inner desire to possess what belongs to another. The Hebrew word for covet, chamad, points to a longing that, when unchecked, leads to sin. The verse first protects the neighbor’s wife, showing the sacredness of marriage. It then lists house, field, servants, ox, donkey, and anything else, covering all possessions. This teaches contentment, gratitude, and respect for others’ relationships and property.
Biblical connections
The parallel in Exodus 20:17 repeats this command with a slightly different order, showing its importance in the law. Jesus also teaches that lustful desire is like adultery in the heart (Matthew 5:28), and Paul warns that covetousness separates people from God (Ephesians 5:5). These passages confirm that God cares about inner motives, not just behavior.
Application
Believers should examine their thoughts and motives, asking whether they are satisfied with God’s provision. Practicing gratitude for what God has given helps prevent envy. Respect the marriages and property of others, and rejoice in their blessings instead of longing for them. Guard the heart against coveting, because it can lead to other sins. Seek spiritual treasures rather than worldly possessions, and trust God to supply every need.
Reflection
Contentment is a sign of trust in God’s wisdom and care. When the heart is satisfied in Christ, the desire to take what belongs to another loses its power. Let this commandment shape not only actions but also the deepest desires of the heart.
