Exodus 20:17

Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s.

Exodus 20:17 (KJV)

Context

This is the tenth and final commandment of the Decalogue, given by God to Israel through Moses at Mount Sinai. The earlier commands forbid outward acts such as murder, adultery, theft, and false witness. This one turns inward, addressing the desires of the heart rather than visible behavior. It completes God’s law for His people.

Meaning

To covet means to desire intensely what belongs to another person. It is more than admiration; it is a strong longing to possess or control what rightfully belongs to a neighbor. The verse lists a house, wife, servants, ox, and donkey, then adds “nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s.” This final phrase shows the prohibition covers every possession and relationship, not only the examples named. The list is representative, not exhaustive. This commandment targets the heart’s desires, revealing that God’s law governs the inner life of thoughts and attitudes, not only visible deeds.

Biblical connections

Jesus taught that sinful actions begin in the heart (Matthew 15:19), and coveting is an internal desire that can lead to stealing, adultery, or other violations of God’s law. The New Testament connects covetousness with idolatry (Colossians 3:5), because longing for what others have can replace trust in God’s provision. Paul also summarizes the law as love for one’s neighbor (Romans 13:9-10), which directly opposes selfish desire. Thus, this command serves as a safeguard against the root sins that lead to breaking other commandments.

Application

This commandment calls believers to examine their inner attitudes. Envy, materialism, and discontentment often begin as small desires that grow. Practicing gratitude for what God has given helps guard the heart. Rejoicing in the blessings of others and seeking their welfare are positive duties that fulfill the spirit of this command. Contentment is not passive resignation but active trust in God’s wisdom and care. Believers are challenged to practice generosity and to respect the boundaries of others’ property and relationships.

Reflection

Human beings cannot perfectly control their desires by their own effort. This commandment reveals the need for divine grace and the transforming work of the Holy Spirit to develop true contentment. It also shows that God cares about the whole of life, including thoughts and motives. By focusing on our own blessings and respecting the boundaries of others, we grow in love for God and neighbor, honoring the holiness that this final commandment upholds.